Description
Table of Contents
1 Chemistry in Our Lives
1.1 Chemistry and Chemicals
1.2 Scientific Method: Thinking Like a Scientist
1.3 Studying and Learning Chemistry
1.4 Key Math Skills for Chemistry
1.5 Writing Numbers in Scientific Notation
2 Chemistry and Measurements
2.1 Units of Measurement
2.2 Measured Numbers and Significant Figures
2.3 Significant Figures in Calculations
2.4 Prefixes and Equalities
2.5 Writing Conversion Factors
2.6 Problem Solving Using Unit Conversion
2.7 Density
3 Matter and Energy
3.1 Classification of Matter
3.2 States and Properties of Matter
3.3 Temperature
3.4 Energy
3.5 Specific Heat
3.6 Energy and Nutrition
4 Atoms and Elements
4.1 Elements and Symbols
4.2 The Periodic Table
4.3 The Atom
4.4 Atomic Number and Mass Number
4.5 Isotopes and Atomic Mass
5 Electronic Structure of Atoms and Periodic Trends
5.1 Electromagnetic Radiation
5.2 Atomic Spectra and Energy Levels
5.3 Sublevels and Orbitals
5.4 Orbital Diagrams and Electron Configurations
5.5 Electron Configurations and the Periodic Table
5.6 Trends in Periodic Properties
6 Ionic and Molecular Compounds
6.1 Ions: Transfer of Electrons
6.2 Ionic Compounds
6.3 Naming and Writing Ionic Formulas
6.4 Polyatomic Ions
6.5 Molecular Compounds: Sharing Electrons
7 Chemical Quantities
7.1 The Mole
7.2 Molar Mass
7.3 Calculations Using Molar Mass
7.4 Mass Percent Composition
7.5 Empirical Formulas
7.6 Molecular Formulas
8 Chemical Reactions
8.1 Equations for Chemical Reactions
8.2 Balancing a Chemical Equation
8.3 Types of Chemical Reactions
8.4 Oxidation—Reduction Reactions
9 Chemical Quantities in Reactions
9.1 Conservation of Mass
9.2 Mole Relationships in Chemical Equations
9.3 Mass Calculations for Chemical Reactions
9.4 Limiting Reactants
9.5 Percent Yield
9.6 Energy in Chemical Reactions
10 Bonding and Properties of Solids and Liquids
10.1 Lewis Structures for Molecules and Polyatomic Ions
10.2 Resonance Structures
10.3 Shapes of Molecules and Polyatomic Ions (VSEPR Theory)
10.4 Electronegativity and Bond Polarity
10.5 Polarity of Molecules
10.6 Intermolecular Forces Between Atoms or Molecules
10.7 Changes of State
11 Gases
11.1 Properties of Gases
11.2 Pressure and Volume (Boyle’s Law)
11.3 Temperature and Volume (Charles’s Law)
11.4 Temperature and Pressure (Gay-Lussac’s Law)
11.5 The Combined Gas Law
11.6 Volume and Moles (Avogadro’s Law)
11.7 The Ideal Gas Law
11.8 Gas Laws and Chemical Reactions
11.9 Partial Pressures (Dalton’s Law)
12 Solutions
12.1 Solutions
12.2 Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes
12.3 Solubility
12.4 Solution Concentrations
12.5 Dilution of Solutions
12.6 Chemical Reactions in Solution
12.7 Molality and Freezing Point Lowering/Boiling Point Elevation
12.8 Properties of Solutions: Osmosis
13 Reaction Rates and Chemical Equilibrium
13.1 Rates of Reactions
13.2 Chemical Equilibrium
13.3 Equilibrium Constants
13.4 Using Equilibrium Constants
13.5 Changing Equilibrium Conditions: Le Châtelier’s Principle
14 Acids and Bases
14.1 Acids and Bases
14.2 Brønsted—Lowry Acids and Bases
14.3 Strengths of Acids and Bases
14.4 Dissociation Constants of Weak Acids and Bases
14.5 Dissociation of Water
14.6 The pH Scale
14.7 Reactions of Acids and Bases
14.8 Acid—Base Titration
14.9 Buffers
15 Oxidation and Reduction
15.1 Oxidation and Reduction
15.2 Balancing Oxidation—Reduction Equations Using Half-Reactions
15.3 Electrical Energy from Oxidation—Reduction Reactions
15.4 Oxidation—Reduction Reactions That Require Electrical Energy
16 Nuclear Chemistry
16.1 Natural Radioactivity
16.2 Nuclear Reactions
16.3 Radiation Measurement
16.4 Half-Life of a Radioisotope
16.5 Medical Applications Using Radioactivity
16.6 Nuclear Fission and Fusion
17 Organic Chemistry
17.1 Alkanes
17.2 Alkenes, Alkynes, and Polymers
17.3 Aromatic Compounds
17.4 Alcohols and Ethers
17.5 Aldehydes and Ketones
17.6 Carboxylic Acids and Esters
17.7 Amines and Amides
18 Biochemistry
18.1 Carbohydrates
18.2 Disaccharides and Polysaccharides
18.3 Lipids
18.4 Amino Acids and Proteins
18.5 Protein Structure
18.6 Proteins as Enzymes
18.7 Nucleic Acids
18.8 Protein Synthesis
